The Office of Strategic Services (OSS) was a central intelligence agency of the United States during World War II. Established by President Franklin D. Roosevelt on June 13, 1942, and disbanded on September 20, 1945, immediately after the end of World War II, it was the precursor to the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). The OSS coordinated all intelligence operations for the Allied forces and conducted espionage, reconnaissance, and sabotage activities against Axis powers. Notable OSS figures include future CIA director Allen Dulles and future President Richard Nixon. Its successor, the Office of Strategic Services Act of 1948, served as a basis for creating the Central Intelligence Agency in 1947.